Burrell: 'I really wanted to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This article includes details of racially offensive comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racism in rugby union brought his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to media outlets.
"I hoped to carry on competing, of course I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and understand that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather sufficient evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had multiple traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has given significant attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are ongoing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person education on building welcoming cultures, with its success tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed both on the pitch with complimentary sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is prepared to tell their story then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the longer I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable others will feel about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the opportunity and continue carrying this banner and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create opportunities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly think that rugby has the potential to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022